Motion-picture apparatus.



Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

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MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.18,1914.

Patent-ed Apr. 16, 198.

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F.. E. IVES.

MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS.

- APPLICATION FILED FEB.I8, 1914. 1,262,954.

Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

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FREDERIC E. IVES, OF WOODCLIFF-ON-HUDSON, NEW JERSEY.

MOTION-PICTURE APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

Application filed February 18, 1914. Serial No. 819,345.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, FREDERIC EUGENE Ives, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Woodcliff-on-Hudson, in the county of Bergen andState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Motion-Picture Apparatus, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to motion picture apparatus and more particularlyto apparatus adapted for making the exposures or for exhibiting thefinished pictures so as to enable the reproduction of not only themotion but the coloring of the original subject.

Heretofore reproduction of motion pictures in color has been effected bytaking or by projecting color selection images in rotation, for example,images alternately representing the green and then the red elements ofthe original subject, so that simultaneously with the effect of motionthe colors are blended, in different proportions overrthe picture, tosimulate the natural colors. Three primary colors might be employed togive more nearly perfect color reproduction, but employing the twocolors, red and green, affords a fair working compromise and forconvenience that system will be used herein for illustration.

An objection to the system just referred to is that any fast movingobject contrasting with its background causes an exhibition of alternatered and green bands or fringes upon the curtain. It is an object hereofto avoid such color flashes, and specifically it is an object to avoidthe defect by pairing each image of one color with an image of the othercolor or colors. In other words, by simultaneously taking each pair ofred and green images there will necessarily be a proper color union overthe whole area of the projected picture. Thls object ,1s accomplishedherein in an efiicient and practical wa nother object hereof is topermit the employment of paired or matched images Without the necessityof providing a special yprojecting apparatus therefor and this object 1saccomplished as will be hereinafter shown by providing the novelfeatures in the form of attachments. This is extremely important sincethe very large number of project' ing apparatuses now in use may therebybe employed either for ordinary motion picture work, or by merely amatter of attachments, detachments and adjustments adapted for motionpictures in color.

Other and more detailed objects hereof will be elucidated in thehereinafter following description of one or more illustrativeembodiments of the present invention.

To the attainment of the objects referred to the present inventionconsists in the novel system, apparatus, combinations, arrangements,devices and other features hereindescribed or illustrated.

Figure l indicates the ordinary form of motion picture film, namely, inribbon-form, the margin of which may be considered perforated tocoperate with driving mechanism.' The arrow shows the direction oftravel.

Fig. 2 shows a similar film with each picture space divided verticallyinto two halves with paired images thereon in transverse alinement.

Fig. 3 is a similar film but with the paired images disposed in eachpicture space that they both stand fiatwise of the direction of thefilm.

Fig. 4 indicates the same film as in Fig. 3, supposing it to be runvertically through an ordinary projecting machine, the images nowstanding edgewise instead of in 4true position.

Fig. 5 indicates diagrammatically an apparatus which may be employed forexposing a film as in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5a indicates a triple reflecting quarter revolution opticalinstrument which may be placed in front of an exposing or projectingapparatus for turning the images through 90 or between edgewise and truepositions.

Fig. 6 is a rear View of the image revolving instrument of Fig. 5a.

Fig. 7 is an isometric perspective of the image revolving instrumentwith diagrammatic indication of its action upon an image.

Fig. 8 shows a modification employing not one but a pair of quarterrevolution optical instruments indicating a relative arrangement betweenthem and the film.

Fig. 9 diagrammatically shows a modification in which the pair of imagerevolving instruments is located between the film and :the lens orlenses of the apparatus, and with optical displacement devices in frontof the lenses.

Fig. 10 is a modification in which the optical devices in front of thelenses aredispensed with and the colorl screens combmed with the imagerevolving instruments, for the purpose of projecting the positive imagesin register upon a screen.

Fig. 11 shows a modification in which, unlike Fig. 8, the two imagerevolving instruments are compactly nested together.

Fig. 12 shows a pair of revolving instruments united in a suitable framein convenient form for attachment and detachment.

Fig. 13 shows an apparatus in front of which has been added a limitingdiaphragm device which may be employed in all modificatio-ns forobviating certain defects.

For the purposes of illustration and comparison, a section 20 of anordinary motion picture film is shown in Fig. 1. This comprises thetransparent film strip 21, vertically traveling, having the marginalportions 22 which may be supposed to be perforated to cooperate withsprockets or other guiding or advancing mechanism. On the strip ofribbon are a succession of photographically prepared images 23, 23,etc., in which the subject appears upright. Each image is of somewhatgreater width than height giving a horizontally oblong shape which isthe preferred and standard picture shape and one which more easily lendsitself to the ordinary subjects of motion pictures. Fig. 2 illustratesone way in which paired images might be arranged by the use of someoptical means capable of separating the light from the subject, or ofcombining the paired images for exhibition. In this embodiment a film 24lhas each space, corresponding to the picture space 23 of the standardfilm 20, vertically cut in half, affording the paired images 25 and'26.If now, the two images of each pair are simultaneously exposed with theuse of interposed color screens, red and green, the positive therefrommay be projected in pairs by the use of similar screens, and theoriginal colors reproduced without the objectionable flashes of colorbefore referred to. This embodiment, however, is not preferred becausethen the picture will necessarily have greater height than width, thisbeing objectionable for the reasons noted. In-the preferred embodimenthereof the pictures are exposed so as to give the result shown in' Fig.3, either by turning the camera from vertical to horizontal position orapplying the quarter revolution optical instrument hereinafter to bemore fully described.

In Fig. 3 the `,film 27 has in each picture space the paired images 28and 29 separated now horizontally by the same division line whichvertically cuts the picture space in Fig. 2.

This system would be satisfactory excepting that passing the film 27through the ordinary commercial (motion picture p rojecting apparatuswill cause a reproduction of the pictures at right angles to the normalattitude, as seen in Fig. 4. t

In the preferred embodiment hereof 1t is proposed to run the film 27through the projecting apparatus as shown in Fig. 4 and to employ inconnection therewith one or more quarter revolution optical instrumentsso that the paired images are rotated from their edgewise position ofFig. 4 to their proper horizontal position.

Diagrammatically Fig. 5 shows one mode in which the pictures may betaken. The camera may be supposed to be turned horizontally so that tiediagram constitutes a sort of vertical section. Many details of form,construction, support of elements and driving connection are omitted asbeing well understood and unnecessary to the disclosure of the presentinvention. The film 27 is arranged to have a series of paired imagesexposed thereon, the upper image at 28 and the lower image at 29 inaccordance with Fig. 3 or sl. The film is conventionally shown inclosedin the rear part of a chamber 30 which has a front aperture giving asingle View point for the two images. Any convenient driving mechanism,indicated at 31, may be employed for advancing the film, for example, inthe usual step by step manner; and a revolving shutter device 32 may belocated at a suitable point for alternately exposing the film 20 andprotecting it from light. It will be understood that the devices 31, 32will be properly synchronized by being driven by the same mechanism andthese devices may conventionally represent the film feeding and shutterdevices, either for taking or exhibiting.

In order that the light rays entering the camera front may be caused toproduce images simultaneously in pairs upon the film, the followingoptical arrangement may, for convenience, be employed. The matchedlenses 33 and 34 may be variously located, for example, as shown. When asingle vlew point is desired the following optical displacement devicesmay be provided in front of the lenses. The entering llght first strikesa transparent refiector 35 consisting of a sheet of plate glass. This isset at an incline and reflects part of the light rays to the silveredmirror 36 which restores the direction of the light, turning 1t to thelens 34. The light passing through the transparent reflector strikes asilvered refiector 37 inclined differently to the transparent refiectorthus diverting the light rays 1n a different direction to Where theyencounter another silvered reflector 38 which restores the direction ofthe rays, refiectlng them to the lens 33.

When the commercial form of film is employed the following opticaldisplacement devices may be employed between the lenses and film. Fromthe lens 33 the light iS doubly reflected by mirrors 39, 40 to theportion 28 of the film while a similar pair of mirrors 41, 42 displacethe other image to the film portion 29.

Each pair of reflectors 35, 36, or 37, 38,

or 39, 40, or 41, 42, may be termed an optical factory for taking orprojecting the pic,

tures. In some cases the light rays to or from one of the paired imagesmight pass directly to one lens without displacement, the displacementof the other giving suflicient lens separation for the stated purposes.

The color selecting instruments, namely, the red glass 43 and the greenglass 44 may be interposed at any desired point in the light paths, forexample, between each lens and film as shown. The transparent reflector35 might be of red glass, thus dispensing with the glass i n Thedescribed apparatus when operated as a camera exposes the film 27 soasto give a series of exposures, each consisting of the paired images 28and 29. These are simultaneously exposed and therefore represent thesame positions or postures of the subjects. Image 28 represents the redand image 29 the green components of the subject and it is onlynecessary, in afterward projecting the pictures, to cause them tocombine upon the screen, with red and green glasses respectivelyinterposed, with provision for causing the pictures to standhorizontally or fiatWise rather than edgewise on the curtain.

The preferred provision for giving the quarter revolution to the imagesis the optical device 50. This is indicated in Fig. 5a as located infront of the apparatus of Fig. 5. When so located the apparatus of Fig.5 might be used for taking the pictures without setting it horizontally,and substantially the same optical arrangement might be employed forprojecting pictures, with,

, of course, a source of light behind the film.

Figs. 5 and 5a to this extent illustrate the principles of theprojecting apparatus. The artificial light from the rear passes throughthe two images 28, 29, forming two light beams which are laterallydisplaced and pass through the colored glasses and lenses respectively,being thereafter recombined, thence passing out of the camera throughthe aperture of the shutter and becoming, on passing through theinstrument 50, rotated a quarter revolution so as to restore the imagestotheir proper fiatwise posture.

The quarter revolution optical instrument 50 might take differentformsbut preferably consists of three reflecting surfaces inclined indifferent directions at 45o to the light path. Fig. 5"L shows it in sideelevation and Fig. 6 in rear View as consisting of a complex prism whichis better shown in perspective in Fig. 7. In Fig. 6 the effect of theprism is indicated. The true or flatwise image or subject shown dottedin the upper part is quarter revolved to appear in the edgewise positionas seen in the lower part.

Fig. 7 shows the preferred structure and operation of the imagerevolving instrument in detail. In effect it consists of threetriangular prisms having a certain relative position, and they may be inactual contact and united, with their inclined sides differentlyaranged, as shown. What may be termed the first prism 51 has atransmitting side 52 beneath and an inclined refiecting side 53 above.The second triangular prism 54 has its reflecting side 55 farthest fromthe observer and two transmitting sides which meet with correspondingsides of the first prism 5]. and the third prism 56. The third prism hasreflecting side 57 and transmitting or exit surface 58. 1

The light rays may travel as follows: A horizontal object, such as arrow60, may be supposed to send rays vertically. These enter the bottom side52 of the prism at the point 61 and the beam of light travels throughthe prism to where it strikes the refiecting surface 53 at 62. rlhishorizontally reflects the beam giving the image a quarter turn. At 63the light rays are indicated in their passage from the first prism 5l tothe second prism 54. Continuing their horizontal travel they meet thereflecting surface 55 of the second prism at the point 64, whence theyare reflected without turning. As it passes from the prism 54 to prism56 the image stands at 65 and continuing the horizontal travel strikesthe reflecting surface 57 at the point 66 where the image is reflectedupward with a quarter turn, taking its exit from the prism at the point67 and passing to the point 68, for example, where the object is se/ento be horizontal as originally but in a position revolved a quarter turnwith respect to the original posltion. l

While a single such quarter revolution optical instrument might be.provided in front of the two lenses 33, 34, for example,

in the location shown in Figs. 5 and 5a, obviously there may be a pairof such instruments, one for each lens, and suitably located withrespect to the lens, preferably within the apparatus. One or moreparticular arrangements will be hereafter described involving maximumefficiency and compactness.

In any arrangementl of the quarter revolution optical instrument the twolenses may be respectively adjustable laterally of the light path so asto permit suitable relative displacement upon the curtain of-one of thepaired projected images with respect to the other so as to initiallysuperimpose them lin exact registry. Such relative adjustment is notherein claimed, being shown for example in my co-pending application,Serial No. 781,319, filed July 26, 1913. This manner of blending thepaired images on the curtain is found to be satisfactory, but no claimthereto is made herein and other equivalent expedients might be employedfor the purpose. f

The diagonal surfaces 53, 55 and 57, which are lined in the diagram, maybe silvered to increase the reflecting power. In fact three separatemirrors correspondingly inclined might be employed in lieu of theprisms.

When a pair of the quarter revolution instruments is employed, one foreach image, they may be arranged relatively to the film imagessubstantially as shown at 50aL and 50b in Fig. 8.

An additional advantage in the use of a pair of these instruments willnow be seen in that they effect not only the quarter revolution of theimages, but also a lateral displacement thereof so that the meanspreviously suggested for lateral displacement within the camera may bedispensed with. Thus more particularly the pair of reflec- ,tors 39-40and the other pair 41-42 directly in front of the film may be dispensedwith` The quarter revolution instruments substituted for them givethe'necessary'displacement. This latter arrangement is diagrammaticallyshown in Fig. 9 in which, in other respects, the optical arrangementsmay be as in Fig. 5. Assuming the apparatus used for taking pictures,and the diagram a top plan, the film 27 travels downward and has infront of it the pair of quarter revolution instruments 50a and 50", thecolor screens 43 and 44, the lenses 33 and 34, and the displacementdevices 35-36, and 37-38.

The axial light ray, shown in broken lines, enters the camera centrallyin front, is separated in two portions by the transparent reflector 35,one portion being displaced to mirror 36, 4thence through lens 34,screen 44 and instrument 50a which gives it a quarter turn and displacesit toward the axis giving an edgewise image; while the remainder of thelight passing through reflector 35 is displaced from the axis by mirror37, thence deflected by mirror 38 through lens 33, screen 43 andinstrument 50b which revolves and displaces it toward the axis givingimage 28; the resulting film when developed and converged into apositive having the appearance as in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 shows the same principle reversed for exhibiting or projecting.Parallel light rays, for example, from an artificial light may beprojected from the rear through the film 27. The light beams passingthrough images 28 and 29 respectively are displaced from the axis of theinstrument and at the same time given a quarter revolution, by theinstruments 50a and 50", the beams passing thence through the lenses 33and 34 and thence to the curtain on which the pictures are exhibited.The displacement devices in front of the lenses are dispensed with sincepreferably superposing of the images to cause them to coalesce and blendis effected without further reflection, but rather by a micrometeradjusting means such as diagrammatically illustrated at 70 forrelatively laterally adjusting one or both of the lenses. f' j In thismodification of Fig. 10 also the instruments 50a and 50b may beconsidered 95 as colored or having color screens embodied with them sothat the separate color screens 43 and 44 are omitted. Obviously thequarter revolution optical instrument 50 may have its three componentprisms either attached in contact or formed integrally, or in some casestheymight be separated by a space in which space a color screen or lensor other device might be interposed, without altering the principles ofoperation of the instrument. j

In Fig. 11 the relative arrangement of the two instruments 50c and 50dis altered, they being nested together in a manner affording greatcompactness, solidity and protection. The film produced or exhibited bythis arrangement of instrumentsl is indicated in Fig. 11 as identicalwith that shown .in Fig. 4.

Whatever the relative arrangement is bei tween the two instruments ortheir position with relation to the film, screens and lenses,

a frame 69, Fig. 12, may be employed within which the instruments aresecured, the frame being provided with proper apertures 69a at twopoints in the front and two points in the rear tov permit the entranceand exit of the light beams.

For the purposes of description it may be considered that the images 28,29, shown in Figs. 4, 8 and 11, are edgewise as distinguished fromhaving their true position indicated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. It may also beconsidered that the paired images 25 and 26, or 28 and 29,seen in Figs.2, 3, 4, 8 and 11, 130

are in transverse alinement or edge to edge across the film asdistinguished from being in longitudinal alinement as are each twosuccessive images in Fig. 1. Also each image 28 or 29 in Figs. 3, 4, 8or 11 ma be considered as flatwise, as distinguished from crosswise,with respect to the films length, so that with the film standingvertically the pictures are edgewise as distinguished from having theirtrue position as seen in Figs. l and 2. Also, each separate picture orimage seen in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11 may be considered as having alongitudinally oblong shape as distinguished from a transversely' oblongshape as in Fig. 1. Furthermore, each separate image 25 or 2G, or 28, or29, in Figs. 2, 3, 4, v8 and 1l may be considered not only aslongitudinally oblong in shape, but as constituting one half of apicture space which, as seen in Fig. 1, is transversely oblong in shape.By this latter feature the ordinary transversely oblong picture space23, as customarily used commercially, may be divided longitudinally inhalf to give the paired images spaces, each longitudinally oblong butcapable, by a quarter revolution, of being restored to true position inexhibiting, when run in the ordinary manner.

As before stated it is preferred that the two or more color selectionimages represent simultaneous `exposures and for convenience they maythen be termed simultaneous color-selection images.

The quarter revolution optical instrument hereof might be variouslyemployed otherwise than as specifically shown. Indeed, it would oftenhave utility whether or not the images were simultaneously exposed andwhether or not the element of color enters into the system for example,paired stereo- Scopic pictures might be treated in this way; and indeed,the device would have a certain utility in non-moving pictures.

Instead of a plain sheet of glass 35 for a reflector, a thinly silveredor platinized plate 0f' lass may be employed to give an 1ncrease in t ereflected component of the light or the compound prism shown in U. S.Patent No. 703,929, of Ju1y ist, 1902.

Or, the plain transparent reflector 35 and the two color screens 48 and44 may be done away with and a saving in light effected by employingwhat shall herein be termed a colorfseleetive transparent reflector, ord1- chroic reflector, arranged in the pos1t1on of the clear reflector 35of Figs. 5 or 9.4 As this dichroic reflector possesses utility otherwisethan in connection with the quarter revolution optical instrumenthereof, the same 1s not claimed herein, but made the subJect of aseparate application. My tllllpgnc reflector may be described as oneamdaptedjco W mllighf one colorA anditransmlt a- -pfeponderfm f'ffllghtef the comlementei,eelereeeetitessere# ple, the reen compgie`nt ofth-embeam of 1g maymefltertandange Or red ays, .,.iforlexampligbl @owinga perfectly clean, plane glass with an alholi'sliitioifdf "ifallali'coal{tafrf' dye',y suhas, eesine, and lettig itk draincand try- Thisreflects light lile a polilletlmgln SHOXY. Jtffliiflilatve excess 0f,green light, and transmits much more than half of Unieidentretlisht..This reduces 'thne essary time of exposure in the camera very materiallyand thereby the range of subjects available to the apparatus isincreased.

lVhat may be frequently employed as a valuable adjunct especially in thedescribed p icture taking apparatus or in analogois situations, is thelimiting diaphragm device shown in Fig. 13, the principles of which maybe explained as follows.

The normal camera aperture 70 will be of such size as to permit what maybe termed the normal cone of light rays to enter the camera and pass toor through the respective optical instruments. This normal cone isindicated at 7l and the normal field of vision will be within the limitsof that cone. Only subjects within that field would make their impresson'the film but for the phenomenon now to be described. Owin to theemployment in connection with the interior lens 'or lenses, which are ofrelatively large size in motion picture apparatus, of lateraldisplacement devices for shifting the axis of the light beam to one sideor the other, it is possible for light rays from objects outside thenormal field to gain access to the film. Thus at 72 are indicated anumber of undesirable or foreign light rays able to pass, not by theregular route, but more directly to the lenses or to the image revolvingdevices so that images or fragments of images of objects outside thenormal field will be superimposed, usually out of focus, upon the normalor true image, thus producing confusion. The purpose of this part of theinvention is to cut oftl all such foreign light rays while permittingfree access of the normal cone of rays to the apparatus. Assuming now,that the foreign light rays 72 are as in- 115 dicat-ed on the diagram, apoint may be selected quite a distance in advance of the normal aperture70 where a limiting diaphragm 73 may be located, coincident with thenormal conc and excludingxthe abnormal rays. The limiting diaphragm mayconsist of a simple square frame 73 of the proper size and locationsuitably connected, for example, by a bellows 74, with the camera withadjustment, if desired, of size and position to adapt the camera tovarious uses. The limiting diaphragm will usually be from 12 to 20inches or farther in front of the camera box 30. It is to be understoodthat not only may the limiting diaphragm 73 be employed 130 in any ofthe modifications hereof but also that a lateral partition 75 ma beprovided in the camera at the lens positlon so that no improper lightrays may pass toward the film 27 outside of the lenses.

It will thus be seen that -a system or method and apparatus has beendescribed embodying the principles and attaining the objects andadvantages hereof,l and other advantages will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art. Since many matters of design, arrangement,combination, detail and other features may be variously modified withoutdeparting from the principles or sacrificing the advantages hereof, nolimitation to such features is intended excepting so far as specified'in the appended claims.

' What is claimed is:

1. 4A color motion picture exhibiting apparattis adapted to exhibit atraveling film carrying color selection images in simultaneously exposedsets, each set having its images arranged in transverse alinement andeach image arranged fiatwise of the films length; said apparatuscomprising in combination means for causing the film to travelvertically endwise, means for passing light through the images andselectively coloring the light, means for relatively shifting the twoprojected images to cause them to blend, and optical means increasingthe spacing between the images and revolving the beam of light a quarterrevolution so that the exhibited picture will be seen in naturalposition.

2. A color-motion-picture taking (or exhibiting) apparatus comprising 1ncombination, means for supporting and advancing a traveling ribbon offilm, and optical means located in front of the film position adapted toproduce (or blend) a plurality of simultaneous color-selection images onthe film, said optical means including a plurality of lenses, and aplurality of image-revolving instruments for changing the spacingbetween the images and revolving each image between edgewise positionand true position.

3. A color-motion-picture taking (or exhibiting) apparatus comprising incombination, means for supporting and advancing a travelingribbon offilm, and optical means located in front of the film position adapted toproduce (or blend) a plurality of simultaneous color-selection images onthe film,

. said optical means including a plurality of lenses, and a plurality ofimage-revolving instruments for changing each image between edgewiseposition and true position, each of said instruments comprising threerefiecting surfaces whereby it acts to maintain the general direction ofprojection of the light beam.

4. A color-motion-picture taking (or exhibiting) apparatus comprising incombination, means for supporting and advancing a traveling ribbon offilm, and optical means located in front of the film position adapted toproduce (or blend) a plurality of simultaneous color-selection images onthe film,

said optical means including a plurality of lenses spaced apart widerthan .the film images, and a plurality of image-revolving instrumentsbetween the respective lenses and the film for displacing the images andfor changing each image between edgewise position and true position.

5. A color-motion-picture apparatus comprising in combination, atraveling ribbon of film having a series of sets of simultaneouscolor-selection images thereon in edgewise position, the images in eachset being in transverse alinement on the film, means for advancing saidfilm between exposures, and optical means in front of the film,including a plurality of image displacing and revolving means, forchanging the spacing between the images and revolving the images fromedgewise to true position and blending them.

6. A color-motion-picture apparatus comprising in combination, avertically travellng ribbon of film having. a series of sets ofsimultaneous color-selection images set flatwise thereon in edgewiseposition, the images in each set being in transverse alinement on thefilm, and each image having a longitudinally oblong shape, means foradvancing said film vertically between exposures, and optical means infront of the film, including a plurality of image displacing andrevolving means, for changing the spacing between the images andrevolving the images from edgewise to true position and blending them.v

7. A color-motion-picture apparatus comprising in combination, avertically traveling ribbon of film having a' series of sets ofsimultaneouscolor-selection images Aset flatwise thereon'in edgewiseposition, 'the images in each set being in transverse aline; ment on thefilm, and each image having a longitudinally oblong shape, being half ofa transversely oblong space on the' film, means for advancing said filmvertically between exposures, and optical means in front of the film,including a plurality ofv image displacingand revolving means, forchanging the spacing between the images'and revolving the images fromedgewise to true position and blending them.

8l. A color-motion-picture taking (or exhibiting) apparatus fortraveling films havingl a serles of sets of image spaces, the saidapparatus having means for so advancing the film that the images standedgewise, and optical means in front vof the film position havingassociated with it an image-revolving means adapted to act upon thetransmitted light having a given (horizontal) axis, and comprising afirst reflector arranged in the light path'to bend the light axissubstantially ata right angle to its original horizontal forwarddirection and thereby into a substantially vertical plane standing atright angles to the original axis, a second reflector arranged to nextbend the axis again substantially at a right angle but substantiallywithin the same vertical plane with the first reflected direction, and athird refiector arranged to next bend the axis again substantially at aright angle, this time horizontally forward, by which image-revolvingmeans the images are revolved between edgewise and true position, whilethe general direction of projection is preserved.

9. A color photograph taking (or exhibiting) apparatus for producing orblending a pair of' images, the said apparatus having optical meanscomprising a. first reflector arranged in the light path to bend thelight axis substantially at a right angle to its original horizontalforward direction and thereby into a substantially vertical planestanding at right angles to the original axis, a second reflectorarranged to next bend the axis again substantially at a right angle butsubstantially within the same vertical plane with the first refiecteddirection, and a third refiector arranged to next bend the axis againsubstantially at a right angle, this time horizontally forward, by whichimagerevolving means the images are revolved between edgewise and trueposition, while the general direction of projection is preserved.

l0. A picture taking (or exhibiting) apparatus having in associationwith the lens, an image-revolving means comprising a first reflectorarranged in the light path to bend the light axis substantiall at aright angle to its original horizontal orward direction and thereby intoa substantially vertical plane standing at right angles to the originalaxis, a second refiector' arranged to next bend the axis againsubstantially at a right angle but substantially within the samevertical plane with the rst reflected direction, and a third reflectorarranged to next bend the axis again substantially at a right angle,this time horizontally forward, by which image-revolving means theimages are revolved between edgewise and true position, while thegeneral direction of projection is preserved.

11. For picture taking or projecting purposes, an image-revolving meansadapted to act upon a bundle of light rays havingufor example, anoriginal horizontal axis, comprising a first reflector arranged in thelight path to bend the light axis substantially at a right angle to itsoriginal horizontal forward direction and thereby into a substantiallyvertical plane standing at right angles to the original axis, a secondreflector are ranged to next bend the axis again substantially at aright angle but substantially within the same vertical plane with thefirst refiected direction, and a third refiector arranged to next bendthe axis again substantially at a right angle, this time horizontallyforward, by which such three reflections the orlginal general directionof projection is malntained but each image is revolved substantially aquarter turn from its original positlon.

l2. A color-motion picture projecting apparatus for a traveling filmhaving a series of pairs of simultaneous color-selection images arrangedflatwise of the length of the film, the said apparatus having means forvertically advancing the film whereby each image stands edgewise, andoptical means in front of the film position having in association withthe lens an image-revolving means comprising a first reflector arrangedin the light path to bend the light axis substantially at a right angleto its original horizontal forward direction and thereby into asubstantially vertical plane standing at right angles to the originalaxis, a-second reflector arranged to next bend the axis againsubstantially at a right angle but substantially within the samevertical plane with the first vreiiected direction, and a thirdreflector arranged to next bend the axis again substantially at a rightangle, this time horizontally forward, whereby the .imagesa are revolveda quarter turn in projection to 1change them from edgewise to uprightposiion.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERIC E. IVES.

Witnesses:

DONALD CAMPBELL, WM. J. DOLAN.

